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niobium plate is made by cold rolling and vacuum annealing, which gives it high chemical purity. It has a high melting point, and is highly resistant to corrosion. This makes it very useful for making superconducting materials and a number of other high tech applications.

It is also a good material for use in aerospace and cryogenic applications. The strength of niobium alloys makes it perfect for producing parts that are used in spacecraft, missiles, and rocket engines. Its low thermal neutron cross section means it is a good choice for nuclear reactors. Niobium is also very ductile and can be machined, forged, rolled, and melted.

The pure metal is a silvery grey color with a soft texture and a Mohs hardness of six. It is often plated with other substances to enhance its appearance and protect it from corrosion. It is highly conductive and can maintain its conductivity even at cryogenic temperatures.

Its resistance to physiological corrosion and biocompatibility make it a useful material in medical applications. It can be shaped to form bone plates, skull bone screws, and dental implant roots, and it is a good choice for surgical instruments. It can also be used to make specialized electrodes.

Element 41, niobium was first isolated in 1801 by English chemist Charles Hatchett from the mineral columbite. Niobium is a refractory metal, and like tantalum it has a natural oxide layer that makes it very resistant to corrosion. It is found in many different alloys, but is mostly used in high strength niobium superalloys for jet engine components and other gas turbines.