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What is Bismuth oxide and its application

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What is bismuth oxid? Bismuth oxid The molecular formula of the inorganic compound is Bi2O3. The pure product comes in three types: a, b, and d. The a type has a yellow monoclinic structure, melting temperature 825, relative densities 8.9 and 8.55; it is insoluble with water, acid or alkali. The b type, however, is bright yellow-orange, tetragonal system, relative densities 8.55 and 860, is insoluble with water, acid or alkali. It can be easily converted to metallic Bismuth using hydrogen, hydrocarbons etc. It is a special material that has a cubic fluorite structure. The crystal lattice of d-Bi2O3 is void in 1/4, which gives it a high oxygen conductivity. Bismuth Oxide is mainly used for electronic ceramic powder materials. It can also be used as photoelectric materials. Bismuth is an essential additive in electronic ceramic materials. Its purity must be at least 99.15%. Main application objects include ceramic capacitors, zinc oxide varistors, and ferrite magnet materials.

Bismuth Oxide preparation
1. Dropwise, add to the bismuth-nitrate solution at 80-90degC a sodium hydroxide-free aqueous solution. Mix. The solution stays alkaline and the white, volume-swelling, bismuth oxide hydroxide Bi(OH3) precipitates. This solution is heated, stirred and dehydrated to yellow. Bismuth Trioxide . After filtering, drying and washing the bismuth oxide is obtained.
2. Mix them under a nitrogen-filled atmosphere by adding dropwise a 1,5 mol/L sodium aqueous hydroxide solution (without carbon dioxide) to a bismuth solution (0.10 mol/L, dissolved in 0.1 mol/L of nitric solution (1 mol/L), at 80-90 degrees C. The solution is alkaline even after precipitation. The white volume-expanded Bismuth Oxide Hydrate Bi(OH)3 does precipitate, but it dehydrates and turns into a light yellow Bismuth Trioxide when stirred for some time in the hot water solution. Decant the solution and wash it 15 times without adding air or carbon dioxide. Then filter and dry.
3. The graphite electrode is placed between the metal surface and the graphite electrode. An arc is created under oxygen flow. For a continuous supply of oxygen to the crucible, it should be placed inside a large vessel. The reaction is carried out at 750-800degC and the b bismuth trioxide is generated quickly. It has a purity level of 99.8%. A high-temperature phase B-type product can then be obtained by quenching the product in water or a metal plate.
4. Stir vigorously as you add the acidic Bi(NO3)3*5H2O (20g dissolved 2mol/L in HNO3) solution to the excess sodium-carbonate solution. Filter, wash, and then dry the Bi2O3CO3 crystalline precipitate. Place it in a aluminum boat, and heat it at 650K in the air for approximately 1.5 hours.
5. Burn the Bismuth Subnitrate between 400500 for 34 hours to remove NO3 ions:
2BiONO3=Bi2O3+NO+NO2+O2
After cooling down, the final product will be a lemon yellow color.

Bismuth Oxide is used in the application of Bismuth oxide
Bismuth oxide is used to prepare bismuth sal; it can also be used in electronic ceramic powder materials, photoelectric materials, superconductors at high temperatures, and as a catalyst. Bismuth Oxide is an essential additive in electronic ceramic materials and must have a purity of at least 99.15%. Main application objects include zinc oxide varistors; ceramic capacitors and ferrite magnet materials. Other applications include glaze rubber compounding, medicine, Red Glass compounding, etc.

(aka. Technology Co. Ltd., a global leader in chemical materials and nanomaterials with over 12 year’s experience as a supplier of high-quality chemicals. The Bismuth Oxide Powder produced by our company is high in purity, fine particle size and impurity content. Please. Contact Us if necessary.

New discovery of the Gallium nitride material’s advantage

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Gallium nitride is a large-bandgap semiconductor.Gallium nitride can be used to make microwave power transistors. It is used in the development of optoelectronics and microelectronics. It has similar performance, strong resistance to radiation, direct band gap, atom, and high thermal conductivity.
When used and stored as specified, the product will not decompose.
Avoid contact with oxidizers, heat or moisture.
At 1050 degrees Celsius, Gallium nitride starts to decompose: 2Gallium (s)= 2Ga(g)+N2(g). Gallium Nitride Crystals are classified as wurtzite wurtzite hexagonal systems by X-ray Diffraction.
Gallium Nitride is not decomposed by cold or heated water, concentrated or dilute hydrochloric acids, nitric or sulfuric acids, or cold 40% HF. It is stable when cold concentrated alkali is used, and it becomes soluble with alkali when heated.
Gallium Nitride – Benefits
Global semiconductor research is currently at the forefront of researching and applying Gallium nitride. The development of new semiconductor materials is focused on microelectronics, optoelectronics, and other devices. As a successor to Si, Ge is a semiconductor material that includes SiC and diamond. Semiconductor material, second generation GaAs, InP composite semiconductor materials, third-generation semiconductor material. It has a direct band-gap of a wide range, atomic bonds that are strong, conductive thermal properties, a good chemical stability, and radiation resistance. It has a broad range of application possibilities for photoelectrical, high temperature and high power devices and high frequency microwave devices.
Gallium nitride has overcome a major setback for transistors
Imagine that silicon-based products are more expensive than devices made of gallium nitride. Cost-effectiveness is a strong argument. For example, when it comes to lower power loss and higher power density as well as smaller footprints, lower cost, and lower cost, silicon can be replaced with Gallium nitride.
Gallium nitride Systems – a manufacturer based on Gallium nitride – designed a low-current and high-capacity Gallium nitride Power Transistor for industrial and consumer applications that costs less than $1.00.
Efficient power conversion (EPC) has pushed Gallium-nitride for the past 14 years. They claim that Gallium-nitride is going to replace silicon in semiconductors one day. But EPC’s claims have been well founded. Since they are made in a similar way to silicon, gallium-nitride transistors or integrated circuits can be manufactured without excessive changes.
Gallium nitride substrates are also smaller and suitable for applications with low voltage (500V). Packaging costs will be reduced by 50% compared with silicon-based packages.
EPC solutions has taken notice of the solutions that use Gallium nitride, as they offer better performance at lower costs. Look at EPC’s solution that uses Gallium Nitride to produce more efficient components.
(aka. Technology Co. Ltd., a global leader in the supply of super-high-quality chemicals & Nanomaterial, has been providing high quality chemicals for over 12 year. Currently, we have developed a number of materials. Our company’s Gallium Nitride is high in purity, has fine particles and contains low impurities. To get the most recent price for Gallium nitride, please send us an e-mail or click the desired products to send an enquiry.

What is nano titanium black biofilm?

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Nano Titanium Black Biofilm Nano-titanium The black biofilm pigment is an inorganic composite with excellent blackness. This material has high activity, pure blackness, and is very black. Nano titanium black is also known as black titanium metaloxide. Nano-titanium The black biofilm material is a ceramic-crystal non-stick coating. The coating is non-toxic, safe and nontoxic from the point of view of safety. This is because the substrate is anodized. It’s easy to clean and has stable physical characteristics. It also doesn’t produce harmful substances that can harm the body. Its surface treatment technology uses a newly upgraded new ceramic-crystal surface treatment technique, which uses ceramic molecules for the base material and then processes it using advanced technology to produce super-hard crystals. Using its superior far infrared function to heat the food more uniformly and in three dimensions.
Nano Titanium Powder
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (1-100nm in size) are titanium nanoparticles. They are cheap to produce and have many uses, including optics, materials sciences, electronics and catalysis.
In personal hygiene products like deodorants and shampoos as well as toothpaste, nano-titanium can be found. These products contain titanium dioxide at a weight of 1-10%.
The titanium-containing products can easily be dispersed into water in colloidal form. This is why they are used in so many different applications.
The titanium nanoparticles used in sunscreens, cosmetics, and other products protects the user from UV rays.
The particles are typically coated with silica, or another non-toxic layer that is stable and resistant to oxidation. This helps prevent or minimize the photocatalysis.
The safety of Nano Titanium: There have been some concerns raised about the safety. When applied to skin, the particles reach the deepest part in the uppermost layer and accumulate within the hair follicles. Photocatalysis can produce reactive oxygen species that damage DNA and cells.

The particle size of Nano Titanium Powder
Titanium nanoparticles used in resins and coatings can remain on surfaces for long periods of time without oxidation. Surface-treated Nano-titanium solves the dispersion problems well. The particle size is only 80nm while the purity is at 99%.

Application of titanium Nanoparticles
Nano-titanium is a material that can be used to extend the life span of artificial joints.
The nanoparticles used in the coating of artificial joints provide better wear resistance on hard surfaces. Other implants may also be coated to improve biocompatibility or reduce the risk for bacterial infections.
Nano titanium powders can also be applied to metals, including non-repairing metals.
Titanium has the only nerve that is autonomic and does not affect the taste of other metals. The coating has a wide range of applications in the food industry.
Nano-titanium coated coatings improve coating performance and cost in industries such as petrochemicals and food.

How is titanium nanoparticles made?
Nano titanium powder is a type of inorganic additive in epoxy resin that has poor interface compatibility and dispersion stability. This problem can be solved using mechanochemical processes. You can explore the differences by adjusting your speed, liquid-solid ratio and abrasive’s viscosity. In the nano-grinding of titanium powder there are laws of nano-action, and by analyzing these laws, the best grinding parameters can then be determined. The abrasives epoxy resin and polyamide can be used under the guidance of this parameter to refine and modify micron titanium. By using polyamide and Epoxy resin as abrasives to refine titanium powder, it is possible to reduce its surface hydrophilicity.

Titanium nanoparticles: price and availability
(aka. Technology Co. Ltd., a trusted global chemical supplier & manufacturer has over 12 years experience in providing high-quality Nanomaterials and chemicals. Currently, we have developed a successful series of powdered materials. Our OEM service is also available. If you’re looking for Nano titanium powder Please contact us. Please click on Needed products Send us an inquiry.

With the development of the times, the application of zinc nitride is also constantly improving

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Zinc Nitride: Overview The formula for zinc nitride Zn3N2, a gray crystal that is soluble with hydrochloric Acid. In cold water it decomposes quickly into zinc hydroxide, ammonia. It can be produced by reacting ammonia with zinc powder at 500-600degC.
Useful Information The following are some examples of how to use Zinc Nitride

1. Zinc nitride film is prepared using this product
Zinc Nitride (Zn3N2) is a unique material with electrical and optical properties. The energy band gaps of zinc oxide, whether an indirect or direct band-gap silicon, have always been the subject of controversy in semiconductors. The band gap can be greatly affected by the preparation methods, growth conditions and problems in industry and academia. As an example, prior art methods like magnetron deposition, chemical vapour deposition, electrostatic elctrostalysis, and molecular beam epitaxy could be used to create zinc nitride layers.

Zinc oxide films made by the same technique have very different optical and electric properties. A simple, reproducible method that produces a high-quality crystalline film is urgently needed. A method is presented for the preparation of a zinc-nitride layer. The preparation method uses atomic layer deposition to prepare the Zinc Nitride film. This allows for precise control of the band gaps in the Zinc Nitride film. The membrane is uniformly structured and has excellent performance.

The technical solutions that were adopted include:

Steps for the preparation of zinc nitride films include:

(1) Place the substrate inside the reaction chamber.

(2) Adsorb the zinc atoms on the surface substrate by introducing the zinc-containing pre-deposition source into the reaction chamber.

Let the precursor source containing nitrogen enter the reaction room of the atomic-layer deposition equipment. Ionize the precursor source containing nitrogen through plasma. After ionization of the precursor source, the nitrogen is partially deposited on the substrate to form the covalent nitrogen-zinc bond. Ionization of the nitrogen precursor. The source will be sent to a reaction equipment. In the cavity after ionization the nitrogen atoms of the nitrogen-containing precursor source are partially deposited. The zinc atom is bonded to the nitrogen atom by a covalent bond.

Repeat steps (2), (3) and (4) to build the zinc-nitride layer by layer.

The method can produce high-quality crystalline materials and is repeatable. It is easy to apply and simple. The nitrogen is introduced to the atomic layer system via the plasma. After that, the conditions of the chamber are adjusted, including the vacuum, the cycle time, the conditions for the plasma and the chamber temperature. Adjust the band-gap of the prepared zincnitride. The present invention provides various high quality zinc nitride sheets with adjustable bands gaps that can be tailored to meet different electrical and optical requirements.

2. Used to prepare touch screen covers and touch screen films
As technology advances and smart devices become more common, the demand for touch screens to be the main interface for human-computer interactions is increasing. In the prior art, the low coating yield and high production costs, as well as the low production efficiency, were problems when the light-shielding layers in the BM of the cover of the touchscreen was prepared by screen printing with black ink. It is easy for bubbles to form when the product is used together with a Liquid Crystal Display. Offer a zinc nitride-based touch screen and touchscreen cover film.
The new touch screen film is made of zinc nitride, which acts as a functional layer on the black film. This film has a low surface reflectivity, low production cost, high surface hardness with strong scratch resistance, high surface energy and is effective for laminated liquid-crystal displays. Its thickness ranges from 60 to 200nm which eliminates the step effect. The new type is a touch-screen cover film that includes a Zn3N2 film and a Si3N4 film. The adhesion of a film decreases if its thickness exceeds 50 nm. If it’s less than 10 nm thick, then the film transmits light and does not have the light-tight effect. The zinc film is black, absorbs visible light well, and has a matte finish. It can be used to create a functional black layer. The touch-screen cover film embodiment includes in order a zincnitride(Zn3N2)film, a silica nitride(Si3N4)film, and a protection film. The touch-screen cover in this embodiment consists of a glass substrate, the aforementioned film and the touch-screen cover film.

(aka. Technology Co. Ltd., a trusted global chemical supplier & manufacturer has been providing high-quality Nanomaterials and chemicals for over 12 Years. Currently, we have developed a variety of materials. Our zinc nitride is produced with a high level of purity, fine particles and low impurity content. Please send us an e-mail or click the desired products to Sending an inquiry .

Carbon-Coated Silicon Material: an Ideal Anode Material for Lithium Batteries

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Problems Facing Silicon Carbon Material System

Silicon possesses an ultra-high theoretical capacity for lithium insertion, about 10 times greater than carbon materials. It has many advantages, including a similar charging and discharging system to graphite and low prices and plentiful sources. Silicon will, however, produce volume changes of >400% during the deintercalation process of lithium. This will lead to pulverization, loss of contact between the current collectors and the conductive agents, and rapid degradation of capacity. The SEI membrane on the silicon surface is also a major factor in limiting its cycle life.
The lithium ions diffuse into the silicon particle, reducing the lithium insertion capability of the active materials. Selecting nano-scale silicon particle can also reduce material powdering. This will improve capacity. Nanoparticles, however, are easily agglomerated, and they have little effect on the thickening SEI films. Currently, silicon anode technologies are focusing on two key problems: “volume growth” and “conductivity”, which occur during the charge-discharge process. As far as anodes are concerned, the carbon materials used in silicon anodes to form conductive and buffer layer are crucial.


The nanometerization process can enhance the performance of silicon material. To reduce the production costs of nanosilicon materials and to stabilize the SEI film on the silicon surface, many materials have excellent intrinsic conductivity. These materials are then compounded with silicon to achieve these goals. Carbon materials can be used to improve the conductivity on silicon-based anodes and also stabilize the SEI films.

No single silicon or carbon material can meet both the criteria of the modern electronic device for energy density as well as cycle life. The fact that silicon is a member of the same chemical group as carbon, and has similar properties to both, makes it easy to recombine them. The composite silicon-carbon can be used to complement both the benefits and shortcomings of each material. It also allows for a material with gram and cycle capacities that are significantly increased.

The reduction of particle size in the electrode material has the additional purpose of increasing the ionic rather than electronic conductivity. As the particle size is reduced, the diffusion path of lithium ions is also shortened. This allows the lithium ion to quickly participate in electrochemical reactions, during charge and discharge. For the enhancement of electronic conductivity there are two methods. One involves coatings of conductive material and the second is doping. This is done by producing mixed valences states to improve the intrinsic conductivity.

Carbon-Coated Silicone Material

Scientists developed a plan for using carbon to wrap silicone as a negative electrolyte material in lithium batteries. They did this by synthesizing the electrochemical characteristics of carbon and silica. In experiments, scientists found that silicon coated with carbon can boost the material’s performance. Preparation methods for this material include hydrothermal method CVD, and coating carbon precursors to silicon particles. The array of nanowires were prepared by metal catalytically etching the silicon plate. They then coated the surface with carbon using carbon aerogels. The initial discharge capacity of this nanocomposite was 3,344mAh/g. After 40 cycles, the capacity reversible is 1,326mAh/g. The material’s excellent electrochemical performance is due to its good electronic conductivity, contact between silicon and carbon materials and effective inhibition of volume expansion by the silicon materials.

The Development Prospects

Carbon-coated Silicon material is an ideal anode material for lithium batteries. It combines high conductivity, stability and capacity of silicon with the advantages of carbon.


(aka. Technology Co. Ltd. (aka. Our silicon powder is high-purity, with fine particles and a low impurity level. If you need lower, please Contact us.

Boron Carbide Ring

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boron carbide ring is a dark gray non-metallic compound, mainly consisting of B4C, with an Mohs hardness of over 9.3. It has a high hardening potential, and it is used as a cutting tool and abrasive. It is also known for its ability to withstand extreme temperatures and resistance to most chemicals, including ionizing radiation and neutrons. In nuclear applications, it is useful in reactor control and shielding.

It is a semiconductor with an energy band gap determined by its composition and degree of order. Its electronic properties are dominated by hopping-type transport, and the band gap is generally p-type. It can be doped to modify its electronic properties.

In synthesis, boron carbide is formed by dissolving boric acid (H3BO3) in distilled water and mixing it with mono- or polysaccharides such as glucose, fructose, dextrin, or hydroxyethyl starch. The resulting solution is then mixed with amorphous carbon powder and dried by heat at elevated temperature to form a slurry that can be fed into pressureless sintering equipment.

During the sintering process, the boron carbide forms an outer zone around which a layer of unconverted boron ox-.ide and carbon crystals is formed. It is essential that this zone be carefully separated from the pure boron carbide product in order to maintain its purity. This can be accomplished by maintaining a controlled environment during the sintering process, and by careful selection of raw materials that are less likely to contain boron rich impurities.

The Properties And Application of Silicon nitride

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What is Silicon Nitride (HTML0)?
Inorganic silicon nitride has the chemical formula Si3N4. It is an important ceramic structural material, exhibiting high hardness, lubricity and wear resistance. Atomic crystals are also present. Moreover, the material can withstand both cold and heat. It will not break if you heat it to over 1000 degrees Celsius in the air. Then, cool it quickly and then heat it rapidly. Because of its excellent properties, silicon nitride is often used in the manufacture of bearings. turbine blades. mechanical seal rings. permanent molds. Silicon nitride is a ceramic that resists high temperatures, but also transfers heat poorly. It can therefore be used as the heating surface of engine components to improve quality, reduce fuel consumption, and increase thermal efficiency.
Silicon Nitride Application:

Silicon nitride ceramics have excellent properties including high thermal resistance, high oxidation resistant and high product accuracy. Silicon nitride has good chemical resistance because it is a covalent, high-bonding compound that can form a protective oxide film in the atmosphere. It cannot be oxidized under 1200degC. The formation of a film between 1200 and 1600degC will prevent further corrosion.

Silicon nitride is a ceramic material that can be used to make high-temperature components for engineering, advanced refractories for the metallurgical sector, sealing components and corrosion-resistant components in the chemical sector, cutting and tooling in the machining field, etc.

It can be used to bond materials in different proportions.

Silicon nitride is also used in solar cells. It is possible to use the silicon-nitride coating after the PECVD process. Not only can it be used as a film that reduces the reflection of light incident, but the hydrogen atoms in the reaction products enter the silicon-nitride and silicon wafer during the deposition. The ratio between silicon nitride and silicon atoms does not always follow a 4:3 ratio, but can vary within a specific range depending on different processing conditions. Different atomic proportions will have different properties.

Silicon nitride is widely used for its excellent electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties.

Tech Co., Ltd. () has over 12 years’ experience in chemical product development and research. Contact us to send an inquiry if you are interested in high-quality Silicon nitride.

Introduction of Molybdenum Disulfide MoSi2 Powder- The Good Solid Lubricant

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Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) This solid lubricant is considered the “king of solids.”
Molybdenum diulfide, or molybdenum powder, is made from molybdenum concentrate that has been chemically purified. The product’s color is black, with a slight gray metallic luster. It feels slippery and is insoluble in any liquid. Molybdenum diulfide offers the benefits of being non-sticky, and having good dispersibility. It can also be added to greases in order to produce a non-sticky, colloidal state. This will increase the lubricity as well as the extreme pressure.

It is suitable for equipment that is subjected to high temperatures, pressures, speeds, and loads. Molybdenum Disulfide has the ability to increase friction and reduce friction when used at low temperatures, while reducing friction and friction at higher temperatures.

Molybdenum diulfide is used in a variety of ways as a good solid grease.
1. Lubrication in a wide temperature range: the lubricating oil or grease can be used from about 60degC until 350degC. The solid molybdenum lubricant has a temperature range from 270degC up to 1000degC.

2. Lubrication for heavy loads: The oil films of general lubricating ointments and greases are only capable of bearing relatively small load values. Once the load is exceeded, the oil film will rupture. The solid lubricating layer can support a load of 108Pa on average.

3. Lubrication for vacuum conditions. Under high vacuum, lubricating greases and oils are very evaporative. They can easily damage vacuum environments and impact the performance of other parts. Molybdenum diulfide solids lubricating material is used in most cases.

4. Lubrication during radiation: General liquid lubricants can lose their lubricating characteristics under radiation conditions. Solid lubricants offer better radiation resistance.

5. Lubrication of conductive surface: The friction between conductive surfaces like motor brushes, conductive slides, solar collector rings or sliding electrical contacts of artificial satellites that work in a vacuum can be made out of metal or carbon graphite.

6. Molybdenum disulfide is suitable for harsh environmental conditions. For example, transportation machinery, engineering equipment, metallurgical or steel industry institutions, mine machinery and other transmission components that are exposed to dust, sand and high temperature, as well as humidity and heat, Molybdenum diulfide can be used as a lubricant.

7. Corrosive Environments: Ship machinery, chemical machinery, and other transmissions parts working with corrosive mediums such as seawater, water (steam), acid, alkali, or salt must withstand varying degrees of chemical rust. Molybdenum Disulfide Solid can be used to lubricate the transmission parts that are working in such a situation.

8. The environment must be very clean. Transmission components in electronic, textile, food and medicine machines, as well as paper and printing equipment, need to remain contaminant-free. Solid lubricants such MoS2 can help with this.

9. Maintenance is not required in all cases: Some transmission components do not require maintenance. Others need to reduce maintenance frequency to save on costs. MoS2 solid greases are convenient and economical in these cases.

Tech Co., Ltd. is a professional The powder of molybdenum disulfide With over 12 year experience in chemical product research and development. We accept payment by Credit Card, T/T (West Union), Paypal, West Union or T/T. The goods will be shipped to overseas customers via FedEx or DHL.

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Six classifications and applications of graphite

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Six classifications of graphite and their applications
My country has a large and diverse graphite resource, but it is mostly small and medium sized. Private small graphite miners have operated in my country, but their added value is low. After many years of hard work, my country has invested in a large amount of money and technical and scientific personnel. The graphite reserves of my country have been used more efficiently after the reorganization and improvement of the graphite use. My country has now developed high-purity products such as expanded graphite (also known as Isostatic graphite), colloidal graphite (also known as fluorinated) graphite.
1. High purity graphite
High-purity Graphite (carbon contents >99.99%), is used for pyrotechnics in military industry, advanced refractory material in metallurgical industries, Chemical fertilizer additives and catalysts.
2. Isostatic Graphite
The graphite used to make isostatic graphite comes from high-purity material. It is known for its low thermal coefficient, high heat resistance, chemical resistance and thermal and electrical conductivity. In the last fifty years, isostatic graphite has become a world-first product. It has not only achieved great success in civil applications, but also holds a prominent position in cutting-edge national defense. This is a brand new material, which is also eye-catching. This material is mainly used for the following purposes.
Heater for polysilicon Ingot Furnace
As a result of the global warming, the awareness among humans to protect the Earth has increased. More and more people now prefer natural energy that does not emit carbon dioxide. In this trend, solar cell technology has become the “darling of the new age”. The ingot heater that is used during the manufacturing process must be made out of graphite.
Nuclear fission (high temperature gas-cooled) reactor
In order to meet the requirements of graphite as a moderator for high-temperature reactors that use gas cooling, it must resist radiation creep. This led to a modular design for a high-temperature reactor. Modern ultra-high temperature reactors are characterized by high temperature and high power density. This puts higher demands on the new generation graphite material: high quality at low cost, high radiation damage tolerance and homogenization of the product, etc.
Nuclear fusion reactor.
Graphite’s special properties also play an important role in nuclear fusion. It can greatly reduce the metal particles in the material’s plasma, and therefore plays an important role in improving energy confinement. As nuclear fusion devices expand, graphite wall materials that have high mechanical and thermal strength are the most suitable for the first material to face the plasma. These materials also show a good discharge-pulse effect when used. Because graphite is low in atomic numbers and has low radiation losses, it is able to stabilize high-temperature plasma even when mixed with it.
(4) Electric discharge machining electrode.
In the electrodes for electric discharge machining, graphite electrodes offer many advantages. Although graphite is a good material, it has some disadvantages. For example, dust and wear can occur during cutting.
3. Expandable graphite
Also known as acidified or flake graphite. It is made from high-quality graphite. Expanded Graphite offers many advantages, such as high-temperature resistance, high-pressure resistance, good seal performance, and corrosion resistance for various media. It is a type of advanced seal material. It is primarily used in the areas listed below.

The environmental protection field.
The hydrophobicity and lipophilicity of expanded graphite allows it to selectively remove nonaqueous solutions in water. This property is commonly used to remove slicks of oil from the sea surface. A large amount of oil can be absorbed by this product due to its molecular composition. It is possible to aggregate the graphite into blocks that float on water, recycle and reuse it without secondary pollution. In addition to selective absorption in the liquid state, expanded graphite can also have an inhibitory impact on air pollution. This includes the adsorption and removal of carbon dioxide.
Sealing Material
Graphite expanded can be transformed into flexible graphite, which is used for sealing materials.
4. Graphite fluoride
Graphite fluoride, a high-tech material with high-performance and high-efficiency, is one of the most active research areas in the world. It is used for functional materials due to its unique properties and excellent performance.

(1) It is used as a releaser.
Graphite-fluoride is a surface agent with low energy. It’s mainly applied as a release for metal molds like powder molding, plywood molding, and die casting.
Solid lubricants.
Fluorinated Graphite, with its low interlayer energy and low surface energy as well as good chemical and thermal properties, has excellent lubricating characteristics and is ideal for harsh conditions like high temperatures, pressure, corrosive materials and heavy loads.
(3) Raw materials for batteries
It is difficult to use fluorine in the active material of batteries made from fluorine and lithium because fluorine gas can be poisonous. Fluorinated Graphite is used for its excellent electrochemical properties when mixed with organic electrolytes. This makes it a popular material in the integrated circuit memory of cameras, computers and watches.
5. Colloidal graphite
One of the main features of colloidal graphite is its lubricity. The colloidal film of graphite has an excellent thermal insulation in the vertical direction. It is used widely in turbine propellers and hot steam cylinders. It is used to reduce static electricity in the electronics industry.
6. Graphene
Graphene consists of a hexagonal honeycomb-like lattice made up of hybrid sp2 orbitals and carbon atoms. This is a two-dimensional, one-atom thick material. This nanomaterial has the highest level of hardness and toughness ever found.
The special arrangement of atomic structures has made it widely used.
(1) The ultra thin graphene, with its tightly packed molecules, can’t let even the smallest of helium atoms pass through. Its strength is also super strong, and it is used in ultra light body armors, ultra light aircrafts, etc. .
(2) Its conductive atoms have a much higher speed than electrons that move in metal conductors. It can be made into graphene conductor agent.
(3) Its thermal conduction is superior to all known substances. Due to the rapid movement and movement of its electrons, it can be applied in place of silicon as a component of future curved mobiles, photon sensors, and supercomputers.
Researchers discovered that bacteria cells could not grow on graphene but human cells were not affected. Take advantage of it; graphene is great for bandages, packaging food, etc.

Tech Co., Ltd. is a professional manufacturer of graphite with more than 12 years’ experience in research and development for chemical products. You can contact us to send an inquiry if you need high-quality graphite.

Graphite Properties, Applications and Optical features.

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Like diamonds graphite is also a natural form of carbon crystals. Its atoms are arranged in a hexagonal opaque structure ranging from deep red to dark black. It is found as hexagonal crystals. It can appear earthy, granular or compact. Graphite can be formed through the metamorphism or carbonaceous deposits, and by reacting carbon compounds with hydrothermal liquids. It occurs naturally in this state and is the stablest form of carbon when under standard conditions. Diamonds can be formed under high temperatures and pressure. It has a very different appearance than a real diamond and is on the other side of the hardness spectrum. Its flexibility comes from the way that the carbon atoms have been bonded together. Six carbon atoms form a plate with a horizontal spacing. The atoms in the ring are very strongly bound, but the bonds between the thin plate are weak. It is used to make pencils and for lubricants. Due to its high conductivity, it is useful in electronic products like batteries, solar cells, and electrodes.

Chemical Properties

Chemical Classification Native element
Formula C

Graphite Physical Properties

Color Steel gray and black
Streak Black
Luster Metallic and sometimes earthy
Cleavage Perfect in one direction
Diaphaneity Opaque
Mohs hardness One to two
Crystal System Hexagonal
Tenacity Flexible
Density 2.09 – 2.23 g/cm3 (Measured) 2.26 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Fracture Micaceous

Graphite Optical properties

Anisotropism Extreme
Color / Pleochroism Strong
Optic Sign Uniaxial ()
Birefringence extreme birefringence


The appearance and use of graphite
The reduction of carbon compounds causes the degradation of deposits containing carbon. It is the primary component in igneous stones. This occurs due to the reduction sedimentary carbon compound in metamorphic rock. Also, it can be found in meteorites and magmatic rocks. Quartz, calcite mica and tourmaline are minerals that belong to this group. The main mineral exporters are China, Mexico Canada Brazil Madagascar.

Synthetic graphite
Synthetic graphite consists of graphitic (carbon) carbon. It is produced by CVD, at temperatures above 2500 K., either through the decomposition or supersaturation of carbides.

Synthetic graphite and “artificial graphite”, both terms are often used interchangeably. Synthetic graphite is more preferred due to the fact that their crystals are believed to be composed of macromolecules of carbon. The term CVD is also used to describe carbide residues, pyrolytic and synthetic graphite. The definition is the same for this common usage. Acheson and electrophotography are two of the most important synonyms for synthesized graphite.

The Applied Area
Natural graphite has many uses, such as refractory, batteries and steelmaking. It is also used for brake pads, expanded graphite or casting surfaces, lubricants, brake pad, etc.
The graphite used in crucibles was very large, but the graphite required for carbon-magnesia bricks was not as large. These and other products now have greater flexibility in the size of flake graphite required.
Graphite use in batteries has grown over the last 30 Years. In the major battery technologies, both natural and synthetic materials may be used for electrodes.
The lithium-ion battery used in the new car, for instance, contains almost 40 kilograms of graphite.
The main use of natural graphite for steelmaking is to increase carbon content in the molten steel. It can be used also to lubricate extrusion moulds.
The use of natural amorphous flake and fine flakes graphite for brake linings on heavy (non automotive) vehicles is increasing as asbestos needs to be replaced.
Foundries clean molds with amorphous, thin flake like coatings. If you paint it inside the mold then let it air dry, it will leave behind a fine graphite layer that helps to separate the castings after the molten steel has cooled.

Applications of synthetic graphite
The highest quality of synthetic graphite, High Focus Pyrolytic (HOPG), is HOPG. In scientific research it is used to calibrate scanners and scanning probe microscopes.
The electrodes melt scrap steel and iron in electric arc kilns (most steel furnaces) and, sometimes, direct reduced iron. The mixture of coal tar and petroleum coke is used to make them.
Graphite Carbon electrodes are also employed in electrolytic aluminium smelting. Synthetic electrodes are used at a small scale in the discharge (EDM) process for making plastic injection moulds.
Special grades, such as the gilsocarbon graphite, can be utilized as a matrix or neutron moderator for nuclear reactors. In the recommended fusion-reactor, it is recommended that low-cross section neutron graphite be used.
The carbon nanotubes can also be found in heat-resistant composites, such as the reinforced carbon-carbon material (RCC). Commercial structures made from carbon fiber graphite materials include golf shafts, bicycle frame, sports car body panels and the body panel of the Boeing 787 Dreamliner.
To prevent static build-up, modern smokeless powders have a graphite coating.
At least three different radar-absorbing materials contain it. Sumpf, Schornsteinfeger and rubber are mixed to form U-shaped Snorkels. This reduces the radar cross-section. The F-117 Nighthawk floor tiles were also used for secretly hitting fighter jets.
Graphite Composites are used in the LHC beam collection as high-energy particle absorbers.
Graphite Recycling
The most common way to recover graphite occurs when synthetic graphite electrodes are made and then cut up into small pieces, or are discarded by turning them on a lathe. Or when the electrodes have been used all the way down to the electrode holders. The most common method of graphite recovery is to replace the old electrodes by new electrodes. However, the majority still exists. After crushing and sizing the graphite, it is primarily used to increase carbon content in molten steel. Some refractories contain refractory material, but these are not usually caused by graphite. For example, the bulk materials (such a carbon magnesia containing only 15 to 25 percent graphite), usually contain little graphite. Carbon magnesite can be recovered.

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