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The Properties And Application of Graphene

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What is Graphene? Graphene’s excellent optical and electrical properties make it a promising material for future applications. It’s considered a future revolutionary material.
Graphene as a material for application:

Research and application development for graphene continue to intensify. Graphene and graphene-related material are widely used for battery electrode materials, transparent displays, sensor, capacitors and transistors. Due to the outstanding properties of graphene and its potential applications, many disciplines have made significant progress, such as chemistry and materials, physics, biology and environment. Researchers are committed to experimenting with different methods across different fields in order to prepare high quality, large-area materials of graphene. By continually optimizing and improving graphene’s preparation process, we can reduce the cost and use of this excellent material more widely.

Graphene, with its excellent properties in terms of electrical, mechanical and thermal properties, is widely used for semiconductor electronic packaging.

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Graphene exhibits high sphericity rates and a large amount of a-phase alumina. It is superior when used in rubber, ceramics and plastics.

A New Semiconductor Material Germanium Disulfide Powder

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Germanium disulfide The chemical formula of this inorganic compound is GeS2. Germanium disulfide (GeS2) is a semiconductor.

Germanium Disulfide Properties:

Germanium disulfide comes as a white powder that is readily soluble in water. It also dissolves in concentrated hydrochloric and hot alkali. It is unstable. It can be sublimated at high temperatures and oxidized. In moist air, or an inert environment, it dissociates. Germanium disulfide, an intermediate of germanium metalurgy, is produced when germanium powder reacts with sulfur vapor.
Germanium oxide is a transparent material for microwave radiation. It does not absorb the radiation. However, the sodium sulfide (as well as sulfur element) and germanium diulfide that are produced in this reaction, are substances which absorb microwave radiation. In order to achieve vulcanization or volatilization using microwave radiation, only the sulfide is selectively absorbed. This results in an instantaneous temperature increase, which causes germanium and sulfur to react. Germanium Sulfide is produced, and this germanium sulfide absorbs microwave radiation to reach the temperature for sublimation and volatileization.


Germanium Disulfide Application:

“Nanoflowers” are made of dust from germanium diulfide. This semiconductor material is germanium. Its petal shape means that, even though the object is tiny, it has an enormous surface area. This allows it to store a great deal of energy.

Recently, American scientists developed a miniature power source. This pink nanostructure has a surface structure that is completely different from the conventional battery. It can store energy and totally subverts the traditional design. This “nanoflower”, made of germanium-sulfide semiconductor material, has a flower shape with a smaller surface area that can store more energy.

The germanium-disulfide nano flower is just 20-30 nanometers thin and 100 microns wide. It can be used in the production of new smart phone batteries because it has a large space structure with a small surface area.

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The Properties And Application of Titanium nitride

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Titanium Nitride (TiN), a non-stoichiometric compound, has a structure similar to NaCl. It is a cubic face centered lattice, with lattice constants a=0.4241nm. In this structure, titanium atoms can be found at the corners tops of a face centered cubic. TiN has a nonstoichiometric composition, which is TiN0.37 – TiN1.16. Changes in nitrogen content are possible within a specified range without altering the structure of TiN. TiN powders are usually yellowish-brown, ultrafine powders are black and TiN crystalline forms are golden yellow. TiN has an excellent thermal shock resistance, a melting temp of 2950degC and a density of 5-4.44g/cm3. TiN has a much higher melting temperature than most of the transition metals, but it also has a lower density. This makes TiN a heat-resistant metal. The TiN crystalline structure is very similar to TiC. However, the C atoms are replaced with N atoms.
Nature Introduction

TiN is an extremely stable compound. It will not reacted with metals, such as iron and chromium at high temperature. Also, TiN crucibles won’t react with acidic Slag in CO and N2 atmospheres. It can be used with alkaline or acidic slag. TiN, when heated under vacuum, loses nitrogen and becomes titanium nitride that has a lower nitrogen content.

TiN has a beautiful golden color. It also has a very high melting temperature, possesses exemplary chemical stability, and is not wettable to metals. It is a superconductor with high electrical conductivity. It is also superconducting material.

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Si3N4 Powder Silicon Nitride Ceramics Properties

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Silicon nitride Inorganic substance Si3N4 has the chemical formula. It is a ceramic material of high wear resistance, lubricity and hardness. The atomic crystal silicon nitride resists oxidation when heated to high temperatures.
It is a synthetic ceramic. Because the covalent bonds between silicon atoms, and nitrogen atoms, in its structure, are strong, it has high strength.

Silicon Nitride: Properties

Normal temperature strength and high fracture toughness are characteristics of silicon nitride. They will maintain their strength at high temperatures. The properties of the material are:

(1) Silicon Nitride material is low in linear expansion, has good thermal conductivity and thermal shock resistance,
(2) The hardness level of silicon nitride, at 99.5, is the second highest in the world, only behind diamond and BN.
This material is wear resistant, self-lubricating with a small friction coefficient.
(4) Silicon nitride exhibits good mechanical properties.
(5) Silicon nitride has excellent insulation properties at high temperatures;
(6) Silicon nitride is very stable and does not corrode by any inorganic acid except hydrofluoric. It can be found in some alkalis.
When silicon nitride materials are oxidized, they form a dense layer of silicon dioxide on their surface. This film prevents continued oxidation. Its oxidation resist temperature can reach 1400. In reducing atmosphere, it can also be used to up to 1870.
Silicon nitride has a non-wetting property with high-temperature metallic solution and molten steel slag. This makes it an excellent corrosion-resistant molten steel slag material.

Material industry views silicon nitride ceramic as a material that is highly versatile and has a high temperature range.

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What Is Titanium Nitride Powder?

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titanium nitride powder is a fine black powder that contains a metallic element (Titanium) and a non-metallic element (Nitride). This unique material is used for coating and forming applications. It has an impressive list of practical properties including, high hardness, corrosion resistance and heat tolerance. This makes titanium nitride a popular choice for a variety of applications and products.

Applied as a coating, TiN is primarily used to improve the surface of steel and carbide components. This is done through chemical/physical vapor deposition, plasma spraying, and sputtering techniques. When a thin layer is applied, it provides an excellent wear resistant coating. A well-known use is for edge retention on machine tools such as drill bits and milling cutters, often increasing their life by a factor of three or more.

Additionally, it is a common alloy modifier for certain cemented carbides in metallurgy. Titanium nitride is highly resilient in high temperature furnaces, allowing them to run longer than other materials without requiring frequent repairs.

Because of it’s yellowish color, titanium nitride is also commonly used to coat jewelry for decorative purposes and it can be used in place of gold in many cases because it is less expensive. It is also non-toxic and meets FDA guidelines, so it can be used to produce medical devices such as scalpel blades and orthopedic bone saws. It has even been used to produce implanted prosthetics such as hip replacement implants. Titanium nitride is also an excellent thermal insulator, making it a good material for a number of different applications that require insulation from heat and radiation.

Quality Index of Graphite Electrode

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Graphite electrodes are used in the EAF steelmaking process primarily to melt scrap metal. The electrodes are made of graphite as it is able to withstand high temperature. The electrode tip can reach 3,000° Fahrenheit in an electric furnace. That is half the temperature of the sun’s surface. The diameter of the electrode can vary from 75 mm up to 750 mm. Its maximum length is 2800 mm. The main indicators that determine the quality of graphite are: bulk density, electrical resistance, bending strength and elastic modulus. According to these graphite indicators and differences between national standards, manufacturing processes and raw materials used in the production of graphite electrodes, graphite can be divided into ordinary power electrodes (RP), ultra-high power electrodes(UHP) and high power electrodes(HP). In order to meet the needs of various users, the production line for post-graphite electrodes can also add high-density and quasi super-high graphite (SHP) electrodes.
Customers will order quality standards on the basis of their company’s corporate standards. The relative density of a sample of graphite electromaterial is the ratio of its volume to the quality of the material. The unit is grams per cubic centimeter. The higher the volume density the denser and stronger the electrode. This is directly related to the strength of the system. The lower the resistance of an electrode is, in general, the more volume density it has.
It is a parameter used to measure the conductivity of electrodes. It is the resistance that the conductor has to current flowing through it. This value is the resistance of a conductor of length 1m with a cross sectional area of 1m2, at a specified temperature. This reduces consumption.
The flexural force is a parameter which characterizes performance of mechanical system in graphite material. This is also known as the flexural resistance. This means that the object will bend up to its instantaneous limit to resist risk when the external force perpendicularly crosses the axis. The MPa unit represents capacity. The network is less likely to be damaged by electrodes or joints with high strength.
The modulus of elastic is an important part of mechanical properties. The modulus is a measure of the elastic deformation capacity of a material. It refers to the strain-stress ratio within the elastic deformation spectrum. The greater modulus, and therefore the higher stress, is required to cause elastic deformation.
The thermal coefficient of graphite used as an electrode can be a critical parameter for thermal performance. The higher the value of the coefficient, the better the thermal stability. The greater the resistance to oxidation, the better the performance, and the lower the fractures, consumption, and loss.
Ash can refer to solids other than carbon graphite. As graphite’s ash content is directly influenced by the ash contents of the raw material used, the graphite electrode will be affected. The ash level of petroleum coke and needle coke are low. As a result, the ash of graphite passing the electrode is usually less than 0.5%. The ash within 1% will have no effect on the steelmaking process. Obviously, the impurities in the ash reduce the performance, for example, of the anti-oxidation systems of the electrodes.
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Application of 3D printing technology in the medical industry

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The 3D printing industry has been a leading high-tech in the last few years. As well as being widely used to protect ancient cultural relics in aerospace, manufacturing and other fields, the 3D-printing technology is continuously released in medical industry. The value of the technology is limitless. Here are the details:
Medical models and surgical guides can be customized using 3D printed medical models

To create a medical model, you can perform a three-dimensional model based on CT or MRI images of the patient before the operation. You then print it using a 3-D printer. The main purpose of a 3D printed model is for the doctor to be able to visualize the three dimensional structure of the surgery site before the procedure. This allows the doctor to plan the surgical plan. This is especially useful for complex surgery. It reduces the risks of surgery and increases the success rate.

Applications of 3D Printing in Dentistry

Dental clinics, laboratories and dentists need to take into consideration the cost of dental restorations and treatments. To improve efficiency and lower costs, many forward-thinking dental clinics have adopted digital dental technology. Recently, software-based dental restorations have gained popularity. Digital dental technology coupled with 3D printing offers high precision and efficiency at a low cost.

Applications of 3D Printing in Medical Device Manufacturing

The manufacturing of medical devices is similar to other products. For the verification of design, prototypes must be produced during the product development phase. The metal 3D-printing technology has expanded beyond prototypes in the medical device field to handle complex manufacturing tasks. In order to repair an anterior cruciate knee ligament injury, the doctor first has to remove any remaining anterior ligament and then precisely replace the graft. In order to achieve accuracy and minimize invasiveness, doctors must use a sophisticated and specialized surgical tool. The nickel-chromium alloy that is used to make this surgical tool is difficult to work with. Traditional machining is expensive and takes a lot of time. In this situation, metal 3D-printing technology is more suitable for manufacturing.

Use of 3D printing for manufacturing medicines

Three-dimensional printing has an impact on pharmaceuticals in four ways: first, it allows for personalized customization of active ingredients; second, it allows patients to have personalized treatment plans. This layer by layer printing method allows the different coatings to tightly combine with each other, so that a patient can swallow only a few tablets or smaller ones. The third aspect is the ability to customize the shape. 3D-printing technology can be used to create various shapes that are appealing to children who do not like taking medicine.

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The preparation process of titanium carbide-based cermet

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The titanium carbide-based Cermet is a heterogeneous material that is composed of metal phase or TiC ceramic. It combines high strength, high wear resistance, high temperature resistance as well as chemical stability and chemical resistance of ceramics. For titanium carbide-based Cermets, there are many different synthetic preparation processes. Each has advantages and drawbacks. In the actual production, processes that are suitable for different applications and price factors can be chosen. 1. Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)

This method is a technology that deposits a thick, solid coating on the surface a substrate using a gas-phase reaction. Due to the fact that the entire reaction in this method is based upon thermodynamics the CVD film offers good adhesion as well as coatingability. It also has a dense film layer and a high film-base adhesive strength.

The processing temperature of this method (generally, 9001200) is high. The high temperatures cause the matrix of steel to soften. Vacuum quenching is required after the processing. The workpiece is easily deformed and the process is complex. This results in a decrease in the bending resistance of the matrix. The preparation process will produce harmful waste gases and waste liquids, which can easily cause industrial pollution. This is contrary to the green industry that the country advocates today.

2. Physical vapor deposition (PVD)

This method utilizes physical processes, such as thermal, sputtering and glow discharge discharge, to deposit the desired layer on the substrate surface. This includes sputtering and ion technology, as well as evaporation. PVD is currently used more often for the preparation of ceramic coatings.

A PVD film’s brittleness makes it easy to peel and crack. It is also a linear process, with poor adhesion, and coating properties. During processing, the workpiece is required to swing or rotate. This increases the difficulty in designing the vacuum chamber. There are problems such as an ineffective coating.

3. Liquid deposition

This is a chemical wet film-forming method. The basic principle is that by replacing the ligand between the ions of the solution, the hydrolysis balance movement of the metallic compound is driven. This results in the deposition on the substrate of a thin layer coating. The method works under low-temperature/room-temperature conditions. No heat treatment is needed, nor is expensive processing equipment.

The main disadvantage is that the concentration of solution before and after reaction is inconsistant. Also, there are several factors affecting the liquid phase reaction and the industrial stability of the method is not very high.

4. Thermal Spraying

This technique involves heating linear materials or powders into a molten, semi-melted, state by using heat sources such as a flame or arc. High-speed droplets are formed and sprayed on the substrate, creating a coating. They can also be used as a protective layer, to restore or strengthen the surface properties of the material and to reduce the size of parts that have been reduced by wear, corrosion, or processing tolerances. Plasma spraying, flame spraying and arc-spraying techniques are all part of the method.

5. In-situ Synthesis

The second phase of reinforcement is synthesized without pollution and is distributed evenly, avoiding the problems associated with traditional powder metallurgy or smelting. The application of in-situ technology has expanded to include metal-based and cermet-based materials.

6. Other synthetic methods

Other synthetic methods include liquid EDM surface enhancement, sol-gel, melting and cast methods, mechanical alloying, self propagating high-temperature syntheses, thermal spraying, high-density energie beam coating, and others. In industrial production, the choice of preparation method for carbonized-based cermet can be made according to the conditions and needs of each application.

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Chromium Silicide

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chromium silicide is an inorganic compound containing chromium and silicon. It is a p-type thermoelectric semiconductor with an excellent field-emission behavior. It has been fabricated inside silicon nanopillars grown by the vapor-liquid-solid mechanism. The remarkable field-emission performance results from extensive improvement of carrier transport due to the reduction in energy barrier between the metal and semiconductor layers.

A silicide is a chemical compound that combines silicon with another more electropositive element such as a transition metal or non-transition metal (except beryllium). Like borides and carbides, the chemical bonds in silicides can either be covalent or ionic. Transition metal silicides are generally miscible with liquid silicon, while non-transition metal silicides (such as thallium, bismuth and mercury) are not.

The redistribution of oxygen in ion irradiated CoSi2 was studied using 2 MeV 4He+ backscattering spectroscopy and 18O depth profiling. The results demonstrate that the oxide layer at the Co/Si2 interface is responsible for a significant portion of the oxygen reactivity and that the reaction is temperature dependent.

Thin films of metallic silicides such as CoSi2, NiSi2, MoSi2, TiSi2, and WSi2 play critical roles in modern microelectronics devices. They provide efficient electrical conductivities, improved Seebeck coefficients, and Schottky barriers for infrared detection and high-temperature power applications. In addition, alkali metal silicides produce pure hydrogen by reacting with water, and this makes them a potential energy source for fuel cells.

Take you to understand calcium nitride powder related information

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Calcium nitride: properties and applications Calcium nitride This compound is made up of calcium and nitrate. Ca3N2 has the chemical formula. It is a solid that appears reddish-brown. When it comes into contact with water, calcium nitride dissolves and releases ammonia. Insoluble in diluted acids and decomposes when exposed to alcohol. Calcium nitride (CaN) is made by heating metallic calcium at 450degC with nitrogen.
Is calcium nitride ionic?
You can also find out more about us on our website. Calcium Nitride If we know the ions that make up an ionic substance, then we can determine its molecule formula. Calcium ions are ions with a positive charge or Ca2+. The nitride-ion is N3+. In order to balance the charge 3x Ca3N2 ions are needed for every 2x N3- ions.

Is calcium nitride a metal?
Calcium nitride (also known as calcium nitroxide) is a solid crystalline compound composed of nitrogen and calcium. When the calcium is burnt in the atmosphere, it forms Ca3N2 with the oxide CaO. The distilled fibrous metal calcium is heated at 450degC with a pure nitrogen stream. After 3-4 hours, the metal calcium is nitrided to calcium nitride.
Is calcium nitrate salt?
Calcium nitrate (also known as double salt) is made by adding ammonia to calcium nitrate and adding nitric oxide. It is known as double salt, because it contains two nutrients found in fertilizers that are high in sodium. This isn’t organic but an artificial fertilizer that has been modified.

How is Calcium Nitride Produced?
When the calcium is burned in the atmosphere, it forms Ca3N2 and the oxide CaO. The distilled fibrous metal calcium is heated at 450degC with a purified nitrogen stream, and after 3-4 hours the metal calcium is nitrided to calcium nitride.
According to the temperature of preparation, the calcium nitride obtained is either black (at 350degC), milky white (between 350 and 1150degC), or golden yellow (above 1150degC). Calcium nitride can be easily identified because it reacts to moisture or water, producing calcium and ammonia.

Calcium Nitride: Application
Ca3N2 is used to get reactive nitride and calcium (desiccant), which can be obtained by heating calcium nitride above 350degC.

Price of Calcium Nitride Powder
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