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Phosphorus is a chemical element with the symbol P and atomic number 15. It is not a free element on Earth but exists as phosphates and in minerals.

It is a pnictogen (a chemical compound that binds to other ions). The P3+ valence phosphorus atoms have relatively low electronegativity, while the P5+ valence phosphate atoms have high electronegativity.

This makes phosphorus the ideal metal for metal ion chelation. It can bind to many common cations, including calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium, and sulphur. It also enables the formation of polymeric salts, which are polymers featuring P-O-M linkages.

Potassium phosphate is an ionic compound used for electrolyte replenishment and total parenteral nutrition (TPN) therapy. It is a source of phosphorus and potassium, and acts as a buffering agent.

It is also an acidity regulator and a chelating agent that prevents desiccation in powdered substances. It is a good antioxidant and antimicrobial agent.

Phosphorus is an essential trace mineral in the human body, but it can be toxic to some organisms if taken in excess. This is because phosphorus can cause the oxidation of other elements such as nitrogen, arsenic, and bismuth.

Phosphorus has a melting point of 1,380degC. It is a white, waxy solid that reacts vigorously with water. It is soluble in most liquids, but it is insoluble in alcohol and acetone. It is an important ingredient in fertilizers and foods. It is also used for chemiluminescence. It is also an acidity regulator and oxidative coupling agent.