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The radon atom is an electron-rich noble gas that possesses a stable closed-shell electronic configuration. This allows it to combine with other elements that have high electron affinity, such as fluorine. Radon-fluorine molecules are of interest owing to their potential application in future technologies that address environmental radioactivity.

The atomic structure of radon is primarily determined by the number of protons and neutrons, their nuclear binding energy, and the relative proportion of positive (Z) to negative (X) charges. Consequently, the mass of radon is influenced by these three factors in the most significant degree.

A nucleus with more neutrons has a lower binding energy than one with more protons, so it is heavier. This increase in mass is reflected in the radon atomic mass.

Radon’s atom has six protons, two neutrons, and three antiprotons. This is similar to a carbon atom that has six protons and two neutrons. However, the radon atom also has a negative charge. This negative charge means that the radon atom will be less stable than a carbon atom with a positive charge.

The radon atom also has a single valence electron. This electron is located in the outermost shell of the radon atom and has a total angular momentum equal to its spin angular momentum.

The radon atom is colorless and odorless. It is extremely heavy, with a density of 9.73g/cm3. When cooled below its freezing point, radon emits a brilliant phosphorescence that becomes yellow at lower temperatures and orange-red when cooled to the temperature of liquid air.