The Naming Method of Graphene

Graphene Graphene a material where carbon atoms are tightly packed into a single layer, two-dimensional honeycomb lattice. Graphene exhibits excellent optical, mechanical, and electrical properties. This material has great potential for applications in materials science and micro-nano processes, energy, biomedicine and drug delivery. It is expected to be a breakthrough material in the near future.
To regulate the growth of the graphene industry, it is important to have a better understanding of the concept graphene. China Graphene Standards Committee reviewed single, double, few-layer graphene and single-layer oxide graphene in 2014. There are many concepts like reduced graphene dioxide, functionalized graphene and graphene material.

The material’s electronic energy band structure has reached its 3-dimensional limit when there are 10 graphene layers. Therefore, the standard defines graphene as being within 10 layers. A single-layer graphene, which is a two-dimensional material made of carbon atoms and arranged in a benzene rings structure (i.e. hexagonal honeycomb structure), is one example.

Two-layer graphenereferss to two layers carbon atoms that are frequently and closely packed into a benzene ring structural (that’s, a hexagonal honeycomb construction) and are made up of various stacking methods (including AB, AA, and AA’ stacking). Dimensional carbon materials.

A few-layer grapheneis a 2-dimensional carbon that is composed of 3-10 layers each of carbon atoms. It can be stacked in many different ways, including ABC stacking or ABA stacking. Material.

Single-layer Grapheneoxide – A two-dimensional carbon material that has oxygen-containing functional chains attached to the surface or boundary of a one-layer graphene. Grapheneoxide is a carbon material that has oxygen-containing functional links attached to the surface and boundary at least one graphene carbon atom layer. Graphene oxide also includes the previously mentioned single-layer graphene dioxide.

Single layer reduced graphene oxygen refers to two-dimensional carbon materials obtained by deoxidizing single-layer graphene dioxide by incomplete removal (groups), of oxygen-containing functional units (groups), by chemical, electrochemical, heat or other treatment methods.

A two-dimensional carbon substance called reduced grapheneoxide refers to graphene oxide. It is obtained by chemical, electrochemical or heat treatment of graphene oxide’s oxygen-containing functional group (groups). One-layer reduced graphene, as well as the previously mentioned single-layer reduction graphene dioxide, is included in reduced graphene.

Functionalized graphene is a kind of graphene that contains heteroatoms/molecules (such as hydrogen, fluorine, oxygen-containing groups and other surface modification to form bonds, nitrogen, boron and other elements substitution doping, heteroatom/molecule intercalation) Etc.) Two-dimensional carbon material. Functionalized graphene can be either the grapheneoxid described above or reduced grapheneoxid.

This definition includes single-layer graphene as well as double-layer and few-layer versions of graphene. Both can be called graphene material.

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The Seven Methods for Preparing Spherical Alumina

Spherical Alumina Spherical alumina is produced by high-temperature melting, high spherical rates, high alphaphase aluminum oxide content. This product has superior performance in rubber, plastic, and ceramic feedstock. Here is a summary of the methods for preparing spherical-grade alumina. Each method has its own characteristics.
Here are seven ways to prepare spherical aluminum:
1. Various sedimentation method
The precipitation process in homogeneous solutions is a crystal nuclear reaction. After that, the aggregation becomes greater and eventually from the solution from solution, it is usually unbalanced. But, if you lower the concentration of precipitant in homogeneous, even slowly Generation, then large numbers of microcrystals nuclei will be evenly produced. Finally, finely precipitated particle are uniformly dispersed throughout the entire solution, and a balance state is maintained over a longer period. Method for average prediction. Al2 (SO4)3, Al (NO3) 3 & urea are used as raw materials. Under the oil bath at 98 degrees C, the hydroxide produced by slow hydrolysis is precipitant. After calcination, the size and shape of the precursors can be adjusted by adjusting the proportion of SO422- with NO3-. Al2 (SO4) 3. The obtained colloid particles have a very good shape. This method was used in Al2(SO4) 3 and Urea as raw materials. The spherical (and hollow spherical) alumina powders were prepared under different conditions. A homogeneous precipitation process is possible if the precipitated particles obtained fall within the range for colloid particles. In addition to the conditions of SO42 – present, it is often difficult to finally form a glue of the globiosis in the gelation of sol particles to finally form a globiotype, so people think that this formation of sol-emulsion-condensation Gladle.
2. Sol-emulsion-gel method
This method is based on the sol-gel method. To obtain spherical powder particles from the oil phase, one uses the interface tension of both the oil and the water phases to form small spherical droplets. The aluminum hydrolysis process produced the spheroidized alu powder. In this case, 50% of the aluminum was removed, 40% of the acetonitrile and 9% of the dispersed water were retained. Using hydroxypropylcellulose as a dispersant to obtain a spherical g-alumina powder having a very good spherical degree.
3. Drip method
The droplet method is used for binding the alumina sol to the oil layer (usually using petroleum oil, mineral oil, or paraffin). The resulting spherical sol particle is then gelled in an alkaline ammonia solution. This method further enhances the sol-emulsion gel method.
4. Use templates
The template method controls the morphology during the production of spherical foodstock. The product is often hollow or has a nuclear-shell structure. The aluminum powder surface is used for simplifying the aluminum powder’s surface. While the template method can be used to prepare an air spherical ball sphere, it has limitations. The preparation steps are more involved and require more effort.
5. Gas solve decomposition method
The aerosol decomposition process is usually based upon an aluminum salt. It uses the properties of aluminum alcohol and high-temperaturepyrolysis to make aluminum salt. Next, it uses phase transition to alkoxide gasify, then contact with liquid water, then pick up high temperature or direct high temperatures, thereby achieving transitions of gas-liquid solid or gas-solid phase and finally, creating a spherical form of alumina powder. Complex experiments involving reaction moieties as well as atomizing moiety are key to this method.
6. Radio frequency induction plasma method
Radio frequency plasma treatment of alumina dust using radio frequency radiation. This plasma has high energy density and high heating power. It also allows for simple material processing. The powder is free from any electrodes and therefore not contaminated by electrode evaporation. It is possible for purity to be maintained. Additionally, irregularly shaped particles of alumina are sprayed into plasma torch with the feed gas. Plasma melts rapidly. Droplets will quickly solidify, creating spherical particle.
7. Jet
The essence and structure of spinal alumina are formed quickly by surface tension. You can divide it into spray heat, spray drying, and spray melting Law, depending on the characteristics of phase transformation. AlCl3, Al2 SO4) 3, Al (NO3) 3 solution form small droplets through atomization. The process also requires a high thermal decomposition temperature of around 900°C. The aluminum salt solution is first mixed with ammonia to form an alkali sol. After that, spray the alumina sol at between 150 and 240 C.
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