What exactly is colloidal or sol gold? It is a colloidal suspension (or colloidal solution) of nanoparticles of gold in fluid (usually water). Colloid colors are typically wine red for spherical particle sizes less than 100nm or blue/purple (for more spherical particles, or nanorods).

Property of Colloidal Gold
Colloid gold nanoparticle properties and applications are affected by their shape and size. A rod-shaped particle, for instance, has transverse and longitudinal absorption peaks. Their anisotropy will impact their ability to self-assemble.

How are gold nanoparticles utilized?
Drug delivery system
The biological distribution of drugs can be optimized to target diseased cells, tissues and organs with gold nanoparticles. If drug distribution is not sufficient, nanoparticles are able to deliver drugs. This includes targeting unstabil drugs like proteins, siRNA, and DNA. It also allows for drug delivery to more difficult locations (brain, retina or tumors). Their size and function determine the properties of nanoparticles. The properties of nanoparticles can also vary depending on their surface function and size. This is due to the variability in drug release or particle disintegration (e.g. biodegradable, sensitive to pH) An optimal nano-drug distribution system will ensure that active drug is accessible within the appropriate time and duration at the site of action. The concentration must be more than min. The effective concentration (MEC), should be lower than the min. Toxic concentrations (MTC)
For drugs like Paclitaxel, nanoparticles of gold are being investigated. Hydrophobic drugs can only be delivered by molecular packaging. The nanoparticles were found to have a high efficiency in bypassing the reticuloendothelial systems.

Enhancer for Radiotherapy
It has received a great deal of interest to use gold nanoparticles and others containing heavy elements to raise the dosage to cancer patients. Due to the fact that gold nanoparticles can absorb tumors more than those in healthy tissue, it is possible to increase the dose. Local deposition of radiation near nanoparticles seems to account for the biological effects of the treatment. It is similar to heavy ion therapy.

Toxic gases
Researchers developed an inexpensive and easy method of detecting hydrogen sulfide in the atmosphere based upon the anti-aggregation properties of gold nanoparticles. Hydrogen sulfide is dissected in an alkaline buffer solution. The solution creates HS,HS- which stabilises AuNPs. It also ensures they stay red. This permits visual assessment of hydrogen sulfide levels.

What do gold nanoparticles consist of?
Turkevich, et al.1951 devised a procedure for the production of AuNPs. This involved treating tetrachloroauric acids (HAuCl4) by boiling water with citric Acid. Citric acid is able to not only reduce but also act as a stabilizer. Frances modified the ratio of citric acid to gold to improve the process. It has been used extensively to produce moderately stable, spherical AuNPs. However, it is also capable of producing larger AuNPs (e.g. 100 nm).

Why is gold nanoparticles so red?
The visible spectrum is where gold nanoparticles have their resonance frequency. Because smaller gold nanoparticles are more sensitive to violet, blue, green, and yellow wavelengths they appear red.

Price for colloidal gold
Price is affected by many things, such as the demand and supply in the market and industry trends. Economic activity. Unexpected events.
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One team discovered that bacteria can be exposed to nanoparticles of gold, which causes their cells to burst and leak material, leading to death.


Each year, more than 25,000 people die from bacterial infection that cannot be treated with antibiotics. Drug resistance is increasing. Researchers are looking for other ways to combat the bacterial threat.
Since ancient Egyptian times gold has been used for many medical purposes. Recently, doctors have started to use gold to treat and diagnose cancer. It is an inert metallic that doesn’t react or change to contact with living organisms. It can be used in nanomedicine to make cancer cells grow.

New research has revealed a mechanism whereby gold nanoparticles kill bacteria.
The researchers made nanoparticles the size of stars and near perfect spheres in the lab. Each was approximately 100 nanometers across, which is one eighth of the width of a human hair.
“We found that the bacteria surrounding these nanoparticles started to deform, then deflated and finally died like an inflatable. Vladimir Baulin of University of Rovira Wilhelli Chemical engineering department said, “It seems that the cell wall explosion.”

This theory was tested by researchers who built bacteria models and observed the interactions of these bacteria with tiny gold particles measuring just 100 nanometers.
The results showed that the uniformity in the surface layers of these nanoparticles creates a mechanical force which stretches the cells of surrounding bacteria. This causes the bacteria to burst much like a balloon when it is stretched beyond its limits.

The study was performed by The Universitat Rovira I Virgili (Spanish), the University of Grenoble (France), and the Universitat der Saarlandes (German), RMIT University, Australia. The article was published in Advance Materials.

The gold nanoparticles, which are tiny particles made of gold, have a diameter between 1 and 100nm. They are highly electron dense, have dielectric properties and catalytic activity. They can bind with many biological macromolecules and not affect their biological activity.
Two types of gold nanoparticles are available: solid powder and liquid solution.
Solution of gold nanoparticles are sols that have been dispersed in an alkaline solution. The color of the nanoparticles depends on a variety of factors. Its color is determined by a number of factors. Smaller gold nanoparticles (2-5nm), medium-sized gold nanoparticles (10-20nm), appear wine red and larger gold particles (30-80nm), appear purplish. Additionally, it exhibits the characteristics of nanoparticles: quantum size effect; surface effect; volume effect; and macroscopic quant tunneling effect.

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